Drawbacks of phase change models in simulating flashing of steam with a subsaturation downstream boundary condition

The development of phase change models applicable to a wide range temperatures, pressures, and mass flow rates is primarily limited by the metastable or partially stable behaviour fluid. Due this, fluid does not even after crossing saturation conditions. Most liquid–vapour have been developed for cavitation process where sustained, occurs in very narrow region space, under equilibrium In this paper, mechanism discussed along with review three different computational dynamics (CFD)-based methods available OpenFOAM, which are used simulate flashing steam, applications related steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) systems. first method based on barotropic compressibility (BC) realizable k − ε $$ k-\varepsilon turbulence model, second combination transfer model (MTM) third one two (TF) family ω k-\omega models. These tested converging–diverging nozzle pressure driven change. It demonstrated that these able adjust their physics depressurization rates, do account liquid be superheated conditions, significant discrepancies experimental results. end, better approaches category discussed.